Recombinant Proteins for SARS-CoV-2 Research

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that consists of four structural proteins: spike (S) protein, envelope (E) protein, membrane (M) protein and nucleocapsid (N) protein. The spike protein is the most important surface protein of coronavirus. It mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human respiratory epithelial cells by interacting with the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
BioCat provides a large selection of recombinant proteins for SARS-CoV-2 research including spike protein, spike protein mutants, nucleocapsid protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.

If the protein you are looking for is not listed here, please use our Proteins Search Tool

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (S Protein)

The spike protein (S-protein) performs two primary tasks that aid in host infection: 1) mediates the attachment between the virus and host cell surface receptors, and 2) facilitates viral entry into the host cell by assisting in the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes.

S-protein domains
RBD = receptor binding domain; SP = signal peptide; SR = serine-arginine-rich; TM = transmembrane domain

RBD = receptor-binding domain

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Proteins

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (N Protein)

The nucleocapsid protein (N-protein, nucleoprotein) is a structural protein that binds to the coronavirus RNA genome, thus creating a shell (or capsid) around the enclosed nucleic acid. The N-protein also 1) interacts with the viral membrane protein during viral assembly, 2) assists in RNA synthesis and folding, 3) plays a role in virus budding, and 4) affects host cell responses, including cell cycle and translation.

N-protein domains
RBD = RNA binding domain; IDR = intrinsically disordered region; SR = serine-arginine-rich; NLS = nuclear localization signal.

SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein (E Protein)

The envelope protein (E-protein) is found in small quantities within the virus. It is most likely a transmembrane protein and with ion channel activity. The protein facilitates assembly and release of the virus and has other functions such as ion channel activity. It is not necessary for viral replication but it is for pathogenesis.

SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein (M Protein)

SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)

ACE2 is an endogenous membrane protein that enables COVID-19 infection. During infection, the extracellular peptidase domain of ACE2 binds to the receptor binding domain of spike protein, which is a surface protein on SARS-CoV-2.

Human ACE2 domains
SP = Signal peptide; TM = transmembrane domain; ID = Intracellular domain

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1)

NRP1 is a transmembrane receptor that is involved in numerous biological processes, including angiogenesis, vascular permeability, axon guidance, and mitochondrial iron transport. In October 2020, NRP1 was first demonstrated to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry (J. L. Daly et al., Science 10.1126/science.abd3072 (2020)). After the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binds to the endogenous ACE2 receptor, the Spike protein is cleaved into two polypeptides: S1 and S2. The C-end rule motif on the S1 polypeptide binds to NRP1. Inhibition of this interaction reduces viral entry.

Thrombosis Proteins

Thrombosis, or blood clotting, obstructs blood flow through the circulatory system and can be caused by numerous factors. Inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infection can lead to a type of thrombosis called "disseminated intravascular coagulopathy" (DIC) that affects the lung, heart, or kidneys. DIC in COVID-19 patients initially presents with abnormalities in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet counts.